• Transplantation-based tissue replacement and grafting emerged as a central regenerative strategy, applying skin, cartilage, spleen, and epiphyseal cartilage grafts to repair tissues and restore form in diverse contexts [5], [6], [8], [9], [10], [13], [16], [17].

• Neural regeneration and neurorehabilitation were a dominant theoretical and experimental axis, spanning peripheral nerve repair, ventral root recovery, and spinal/cns mechanobiology to understand intrinsic regenerative capacity and functional restoration [4], [11], [12], [14], [18], [20].

• Analyses of bone and marrow biology framed regeneration as a stem cell–driven process, examining sternal marrow states, marrow transplantation concepts, and ascorbate-influenced bone regeneration, highlighting hematopoietic-bone interfaces as a regeneration reservoir [1], [2], [7], [19].

• Biomaterial-driven tissue engineering and induction methods surface as early paradigms, including tissue preservation strategies, cartilage graft technologies, and induced tissue formation to scaffold regeneration across tissues [3], [5], [15], [16], [17].

• Rehabilitation and functional integration of regenerated tissues appear as a cross-cutting pattern, linking measured regeneration rates with neuromuscular recovery and activity-informed remodeling in nervous system and musculoskeletal contexts [11], [12], [13], [20].